I-chip eyinhloko yekhamera - inzwa yesithombe ye-CMOS

I-chip eyinhloko yekhamera - isithombe se-CMOS

inzwa

Umqondo wokusebenza kwenzwa yesithombe ye-CMOS (i-complementary metal oxide semiconductor) yacatshangwa engxenyeni yesibili yawo-1960s, kodwa idivayisi ayizange ithengiselwe kwaze kwaba yilapho ubuchwepheshe be-microfabrication buvela ngokwanele ngeminyaka yawo-1990s.I-CCD (idivayisi ehambisana neshaja) noma izinzwa zesithombe ze-CMOS (i-complementary metal oxide semiconductor) zivame ukusetshenziswa kumakhamera edijithali nomakhalekhukhwini banamuhla.

I-CCD ne-CMOS womabili amadivaysi e-semiconductor asebenza “njengamehlo kagesi.”

Bobabili basebenzisa ama-photodiode, kodwa izinqubo zabo zokukhiqiza nezindlela zokufunda isignali ziyehluka.Nakuba ubuchwepheshe be-CCD babudumile ekuqaleni ngenxa yokuzwela okuphezulu nekhwalithi yesithombe, izinzwa ze-CMOS zaqala ukudlula izinzwa ze-CCD kumthamo wokuthumela kusukela ku-2004.

Izinga ledatha lishesha kune-CCD.
Uhlu lwama-capacitor kunzwa yesithombe ye-charge-coupled device (CCD) ithwala ishaja kagesi ngokuya ngokukhanya kokukhanya kwephikseli.Okuqukethwe kwe-capacitor ngayinye kudluliselwa kumakhelwane wayo ngesekethe yokulawula, futhi i-capacitor yokugcina ohlwini ithulula ukushajwa kwayo ku-amplifier yokushaja.Izinzwa ze-CCD zaziwa ngendlela yazo yokudlulisa idatha yebhakede-brigade.

Inzwa yesithombe ehambisanayo ye-metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS).

ngakolunye uhlangothi, iqukethe i-photodiode kanye ne-CMOS transistor switch yephikseli ngayinye, evumela ukuthi amasignali ephikseli akhuliswe ngokuhlukana.Amasignali ephikseli angase afinyelelwe ngokuqondile nangokulandelanayo, ngokushesha okukhulu kunenzwa ye-CCD, ngokukhohlisa i-matrix yokushintsha.Enye inzuzo yokuba ne-amplifier yephikseli ngayinye ukuthi inciphisa umsindo ovela ngenkathi kufundwa amasignali kagesi aguqulwa ekukhanyeni okuqoqiwe.

Izinzwa zesithombe ze-CMOS zibiza kancane ukuzenza kunezinzwa zesithombe ze-CCD ngoba okokusebenza okukhona kokukhiqiza i-semiconductor kungase kusetshenziswe kabusha ekukhiqizeni kwazo.Ngokungafani nezinzwa ze-CCD, ezisebenzisa amasekhethi e-analog ane-voltage ephezulu, izinzwa ze-CMOS zisebenzisa i-circuitry yedijithali encane edla amandla amancane futhi, ngokombono, ayinayo i-smear (i-streak emhlophe eqondile esithombeni esikhanyayo) futhi iyaqhakaza (ukonakala kwezithombe ezinjalo. njengamabala amhlophe).Ngenxa yokuthi ukujikeleza okunengqondo kungafakwa ku-chip ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, izinzwa ze-CMOS ezinomjikelezo wokucubungula isithombe eziku-chip ziyathuthukiswa ukuze kusetshenziswe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nokubonwa kwesithombe nokubona kokwenziwa, namanye amadivayisi asetshenziswayo njengamanje.

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